The average American consumes nearly 90
kilograms -- roughly 200 pounds -- of beer each year. By weight, beer accounts for
nearly 90% of all alcoholic beverages consumed in the U.S.
But despite beer's dominance of the
alcoholic beverages market, beer consumption isn't growing in developed markets
like the U.S. and Western Europe. For example, the average American consumed
about 99 kilograms of beer in 1980, about 96 kilograms in 1990, and about 90
kilograms in 2002. So as you can see, beer consumption by weight has actually
been on the decline for several decades.
In dollar terms, of course, beer's
dominance of the alcoholic drinks market is far less drastic. Beer sales account for roughly
55% of the total alcohol market. That compares to about 15% for wine and
nearly 30% for alcoholic drinks. Statistics suggest that beer's dominance
is actually on the wane -- its percent of sales has dropped from 60% of the alcoholic beverage market
just a decade ago.
This is not to say that U.S. consumers
are spending less money on beer. Rather, beer sales are growing thanks to rising
prices. However, the growth in this market tends to be extremely slow, and beer
sales are not increasing as fast as the alcoholic drinks business at large.
The big
growth in the drinks market is
in wine. Our chart depicts United Nation's estimates of annual wine imports into
the U.S. over the last 40 years. Because the U.S. imports significant amounts of
wine from countries like France, Australia, and Italy, imports are a good basic
measure of wine consumption in the nation. And by this measure, the growth in
imports has been drastic.
And, of course, this isn't just a U.S.
phenomenon. In just about every developed country, wine is gaining market share
in the drinks market. In the U.K., for example, wine consumption per capita in
weight terms was up nearly 2.5 times between 1980 and 2002. And in Germany, a
country known for its beer culture, wine consumption has actually risen over the
past 25 years. Meanwhile, German beer consumption has fallen.
As is the case with most consumer
goods, branding is key to the wine business. The best-known Chateaux, producers,
and wine labels command premium prices from consumers -- it's not unusual, in
fact, for a single bottle of wine from a well-known vintner to cost $500. Wines
from the best-known winemakers tend to be in high demand and consistently
command such large premiums. These high prices are behind the industry's
extraordinarily high profit margins.
| Major
Players in the Industry |
| Constellation
Brands (STZ) |
| Diageo
(DEO) |
| Brown
Foreman (BF-B) |
| Willamette
Valley (WVVI) |
Even better, the wine business has been
the subject of a great deal of merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in
recent years. The reason is simple -- the industry remains among the most
fragmented in the world with literally thousands of small producers. In fact,
the world's largest producer, U.S.-based Constellation Brands (NYSE: STZ), holds
only a 4% global market share and controls just 10% of the domestic market.
Many winemakers have trouble selling
their wares internationally at favorable prices. After all, most of the
industry's thousands of small players simply don't have the marketing muscle to
advertise their brands. Even more importantly, these smaller vintners don't have
the distribution power to make sure their wines end up in front of consumers in
many different markets.
Smaller winemakers with solid brands
represent attractive acquisition targets for major alcoholic drinks companies
like Constellation Brands or Diageo (NYSE: DEO). Such firms can leverage their
existing economies of scale to garner even higher profitability.
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